Notebook for
1984
Orwell, George
Citation (APA): Orwell, G. (2013). 1984 [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com
Part One
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contrived
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The voice came from an oblong metal plaque like a dulled mirror which formed part of the surface of the right- hand wall. Winston turned a switch and the voice sank somewhat, though the words were still distinguishable. The instrument (the telescreen, it was called) could be dimmed, but there was no way of shutting it off completely.
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ramifications
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the Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education, and the fine arts; the Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war; the Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order; and the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. Their names, in Newspeak: Minitrue, Minipax, Miniluv, and Miniplenty.
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truncheons.
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furtively
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nib
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porpoise,
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Two Minutes Hate.
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eighteenth- century nobleman
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The program of the Two Minutes Hate varied from day to day, but there was none in which Goldstein was not the principal figure. He was the primal traitor, the earliest defiler of the Party’s purity. All subsequent crimes against the Party, all treacheries, acts of sabotage, heresies, deviations, sprang directly out of his teaching. Somewhere or other he was still alive and hatching his conspiracies:
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He was abusing Big Brother, he was denouncing the dictatorship of the Party, he was demanding the immediate conclusion of peace with Eurasia, he was advocating freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of thought, he was crying hysterically that the revolution had been betrayed— and all this in rapid polysyllabic speech which was a sort of parody of the habitual style of the orators of the Party, and even contained Newspeak words: more Newspeak words, indeed, than any Party member would normally use in real life.
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in spite of all this, his influence never seemed to grow less. Always there were fresh dupes waiting to be seduced by him. A day never passed when spies and saboteurs acting under his directions were not unmasked by the Thought Police. He was the commander of a vast shadowy army, an underground network of conspirators dedicated to the overthrow of the State.
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inexorably.
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The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in. Within thirty seconds any pretense was always unnecessary. A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one even against one’s will into a grimacing, screaming lunatic.
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Saint Sebastian.
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voluptuously
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discountenanced
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drudges
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statutory
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neckerchiefs
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gamboling
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fright
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quailed
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It was not by making yourself heard but by staying sane that you carried on the human heritage.
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To the future or to the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone— to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone: From the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, from the age of Big Brother, from the age of doublethink— greetings!
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gritty dark- brown soap which rasped your skin like sandpaper
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statuesque,
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reproach
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fathoms
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gilded
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rabbit- bitten pasture,
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boughs
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elm
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dace
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disdainfully
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seized
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dingy singlet
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gyrating
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“Who controls the past,” ran the Party slogan, “controls the future: who controls the present controls the past.”
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“Reality control,” they called it; in Newspeak, “doublethink.”
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labyrinthine
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repudiate
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Even to understand the word “doublethink” involved the use of doublethink.
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buttocks
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inscrutable.
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lunge,
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palimpsest,
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Tillotson
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Ampleforth,
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definitive texts,
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treatise,
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multifarious
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versificator.
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Charlemagne
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Syme was a philologist, a specialist in Newspeak.
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protuberant
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derisive,
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furtively
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venomously
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entangling
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reminiscently.
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prole
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ladle.
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pannikin
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You think, I dare say, that our chief job is inventing new words. But not a bit of it! We’re destroying words— scores of them, hundreds of them, every day. We’re cutting the language down to the bone. The Eleventh Edition won’t contain a single word that will become obsolete before the year 2050.”
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antonyms.
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vapid
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Every year fewer and fewer words, and the range of consciousness always a little smaller.
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Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Byron—
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Orthodoxy means not thinking— not needing to think. Orthodoxy is unconsciousness.”
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Malabar
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larynx.
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din.
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duckspeak,
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aloofness,
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venerated
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rejoiced
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zeal,
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ill- omened.
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threading
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pudgy
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keenness!
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Berkhampstead
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Amersham,
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irrepressible
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bestowed
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gaping
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solemnity,
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edified
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lugged
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remoter
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It appeared that there had even been demonstrations to thank Big Brother for raising the chocolate ration to twenty grams a week. And only yesterday, he reflected, it had been announced that the ration was to be reduced to twenty grams a week. Was it possible that they could swallow that, after only twenty- four hours? Yes, they swallowed it. Parsons swallowed it easily, with the stupidity of an animal. The eyeless creature at the other table swallowed it fanatically, passionately, with a furious desire to track down, denounce, and vaporize anyone who should suggest that last week the ration had been thirty grams. Syme, too— in some more complex way, involving doublethink— Syme swallowed it. Was he, then, alone in the possession of a memory?
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whizzing
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rickety,
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bosomed
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scuttling
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inscrutable
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dust in the creases of her face. Within two years those children would be denouncing her to the Thought Police. Mrs. Parsons would be vaporized. Syme would be vaporized. Winston would be vaporized. O’Brien would be vaporized. Parsons, on the other hand, would never be vaporized. The eyeless creature with the quacking voice would never be vaporized. The little beetlelike men who scuttled so nimbly through the labyrinthine corridors of Ministries— they, too, would never be vaporized. And the girl with dark hair, the girl from the Fiction Department— she would never be vaporized either. It seemed to him that he knew instinctively who would survive and who would perish, though just what it was that made for survival, it was not easy to say.
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reverie
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Why was she watching him? Why did she keep following him about? Unfortunately he could not remember whether she had already been at the table when he arrived, or had come there afterwards. But yesterday, at any rate, during the Two Minutes Hate, she had sat immediately behind him when there was no apparent need to do so.
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seems paranoid a little
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incredulous
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There was even a word for it in Newspeak: facecrime, it was called.
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His teeth were set on edge.
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alluring,
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proles
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fornication.
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Tacitly
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Mere debauchery did not matter very much, so long as it was furtive and joyless, and only involved the women of a submerged and despised class.
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promiscuity
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The aim of the Party was not merely to prevent men and women from forming loyalties which it might not be able to control. Its real, undeclared purpose was to remove all pleasure from the sexual act. Not love so much as eroticism was the enemy, inside marriage as well as outside it.
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whats the problem with eroticism?
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beget
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Sexual intercourse was to be looked on as a slightly disgusting minor operation, like having an enema.
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There were even organizations such as the Junior Anti- Sex League, which advocated complete celibacy for both sexes. All children were to be begotten by artificial insemination (artsem, it was called in Newspeak) and brought up in public institutions.
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aquiline
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imbecility,
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rigidity
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scuffles
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seduction,
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cavernous
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Until they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious.
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All that was required of them was a primitive patriotism which could be appealed to whenever it was necessary to make them accept longer working hours or shorter rations.
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invariably
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racketeers
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They were beneath suspicion. As the Party slogan put it: “Proles and animals are free.”
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But in among all this terrible poverty there were just a few great big beautiful houses that were lived in by rich men who had as many as thirty servants to look after them. These rich men were called capitalists. They were fat, ugly men with wicked faces, like the one in the picture on the opposite page.
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frock coat,
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top hat.
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It struck him that the truly characteristic thing about modern life was not its cruelty and insecurity, but simply its bareness, its dinginess, its listlessness.
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cadging
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saccharine
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The ideal
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The reality
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sinecures
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mane
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posterity.
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imposture
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undertaken.
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frontispiece.
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Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
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ownlife, it was called, meaning individualism and eccentricity.
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balminess
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Saint Pancras Station.
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folly,
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anodyne,
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thoroughfare
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bristled
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prawn,
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pugnaciously.
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Flunkies
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reminiscently.
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Shaftesbury Avenue.
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penknives
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snuffboxes,
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agate brooches,
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slatternly
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gateleg
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St. Clement’s Dane,
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Oranges and lemons, say the bells of St. Clement’s, You owe me three farthings, say the bells of St. Martin’s—
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incongruous
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reconnoitering
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shirking
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exaltation
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officiousness,
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lassitude
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brassy
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squalling
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consecutive
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“We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness,” O’Brien had said to him.
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leaden
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knell
Part Two
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folly,
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papier- mache
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fatuous
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wolfed
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foolery
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haricot
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vanquished
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nipped
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nimbly
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scrimmage,
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extricate
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insatiably
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boughs
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bluebells.
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droning
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ring doves.
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footpath
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cattle track
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boggy
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etiolated,
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sooty
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sheer
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incredulity.
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jeering
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abreast.
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thrush
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obeisance
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virtuosity.
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strenuousness
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sham
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adore
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cunning
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belfry
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“talking by installments.”
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parenthetically),
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acuteness.
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Unlike Winston, she had grasped the inner meaning of the Party’s sexual puritanism. It was not merely that the sex instinct created a world of its own which was outside the Party’s control and which therefore had to be destroyed if possible. What was more important was that sexual privation induced hysteria, which was desirable because it could be transformed into war fever and leader worship. The way she put it was: “When you make love you’re using up energy; and afterwards you feel happy and don’t give a damn for anything. They can’t bear you to feel like that. They want you to be bursting with energy all the time. All this marching up and down and cheering and waving flags is simply sex gone sour. If you’re happy inside yourself, why should you get excited about Big Brother and the Three- Year Plans and the Two Minutes Hate and all the rest of their bloody rot?”
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credulity
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tufts
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loosestrife
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fretfully
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dissent.
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All you needed was luck and cunning and boldness.
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prosaically.
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bolster.
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mantelpiece.
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fender
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gratuitous,
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muslin
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clothes pegs
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contralto:
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versificator.
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unendurable,
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dreadful
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“You owe me three farthings, say the bells of St. Martin’s, When will you pay me? say the bells of Old Bailey—”
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vestibule
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labyrinthine
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embellishing
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febrile
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The rocket bombs crashed oftener than ever, and sometimes in the far distance there were enormous explosions which no one could explain and about which there were wild rumors.
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the rumors mean the party is loosing its grip
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bunting.
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as happy as a lark.
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exhortations
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The thing had been plastered on every blank space on every wall, even outnumbering the portraits of Big Brother.
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Stepney,
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indignation
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He had dragged out from the corners of his memory some more fragments of forgotten rhymes. There was one about four and twenty blackbirds, and another about a cow with a crumpled horn, and another about the death of poor Cock Robin. “It just occurred to me you might be interested,” he would say with a deprecating little laugh whenever he produced a new fragment. But he could never recall more than a few lines of any one rhyme.
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unconquerable
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acute
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sham;
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sodden
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rackety,
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mended,
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lay- figure
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ailing,
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simian
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earthenware
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statuesque
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sordid
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beseech
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clamorous
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remonstrances,
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dingy
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ineffectual
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The proles, it suddenly occurred to him, had remained in this condition. They were not loyal to a party or a country or an idea, they were loyal to one another.
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When once they get hold of us there will be nothing, literally nothing, that either of us can do for the other. If I confess they’ll shoot you, and if I refuse to confess, they’ll shoot you just the same. Nothing that I can do or say, or stop myself from saying, will put off your death for as much as five minutes. Neither of us will even know whether the other is alive or dead. We shall be utterly without power of any kind. The one thing that matters is that we shouldn’t betray one another, although even that can’t make the slightest difference.”
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If you can feel that staying human is worth while, even when it can’t have any result whatever, you’ve beaten them.”
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demur.
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wainscoting,
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grimy
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formidable
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verging
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antegetting
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equivocal
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indecipherable.
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solemn
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distinctly
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catechism,
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venereal
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persiflage.
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stratagem
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Gelatinous
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caterpillars
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luridly
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haranguing
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Rumpelstiltskin
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riotous
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prodigies
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clambering
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streamers
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fluttered
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tepid.
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voluptuous
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sluttish
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irreconcilable.
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reprisals
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meritorious.
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Motives which were already present to some small extent in the great wars of the early twentieth century have now become dominant and are consciously recognized and acted upon.
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fecundity
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industriousness
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while the competition for raw materials is no longer a matter of life and death. In any case, each of the three superstates is so vast that it can obtain almost all the materials that it needs within its own boundaries.
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interestingly this is not the case for rare earth elements,
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there lies a rough quadrilateral with its corners at Tangier, Brazzaville, Darwin, and Hong Kong,
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Whichever power controls equatorial Africa, or the countries of the Middle East, or Southern India, or the Indonesian Archipelago, disposes also of the bodies of scores or hundreds of millions of ill- paid and hard- working coolies.
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Ever since the end of the nineteenth century, the problem of what to do with the surplus of consumption goods has been latent in industrial society.
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dilapidated
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In the early twentieth century, the vision of a future society unbelievably rich, leisured, orderly and efficient— a glittering antiseptic world of glass and steel and snow- white concrete— was part of the consciousness of nearly every literate person.
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drudgery,
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the machine did raise the living standards of the average human being very greatly over a period of about fifty years at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries.
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In the long run, a hierarchical society was only possible on a basis of poverty and ignorance.
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besieged
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But this would provide only the economic and not the emotional basis for a hierarchical society.
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credulous
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adulation,
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spurious
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preponderance
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unanswerable
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In Newspeak there is no word for “Science.” The empirical method of thought, on which all the scientific achievements of the past were founded, is opposed to the most fundamental principles of Ingsoc. And even technological progress only happens when its products can in some way be used for the diminution of human liberty.
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indefatigably
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The tank, the submarine, the torpedo, the machine gun, even the rifle and the hand grenade are still in use. And in spite of the endless slaughters reported in the press and on the telescreens, the desperate battles of earlier wars, in which hundreds of thousands or even millions of men were often killed in a few weeks, have never been repeated.
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Vistula.
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aloud,
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tacitly
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In Oceania the prevailing philosophy is called Ingsoc, in Eurasia it is called Neo- Bolshevism, and in Eastasia it is called by a Chinese name usually translated as Death- worship, but perhaps better rendered as Obliteration of the Self.
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tenets
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execrate
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barbarous
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outrages
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everlastingly
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inimical
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Efficiency, even military efficiency, is no longer needed.
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ruminant
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inviolate
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counterpane.
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lusty
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upheavals
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irrevocable
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irreconcilable.
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recurs
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For long periods the High seem to be securely in power, but sooner or later there always comes a moment when they lose either their belief in themselves, or their capacity to govern efficiently, or both.
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From the point of view of the Low, no historic change has ever meant much more than a change in the name of their masters.
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adherents,
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parasitical
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intelligible,
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averted.
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regimentation.
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The new aristocracy was made up for the most part of bureaucrats, scientists, technicians, trade- union organizers, publicity experts, sociologists, teachers, journalists, and professional politicians.
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As compared with their opposite numbers in past ages, they were less avaricious, less tempted by luxury, hungrier for pure power, and, above all, more conscious of what they were doing and more intent on crushing opposition.
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cardinal.
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overt
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The so- called “abolition of private property” which took place in the middle years of the century meant, in effect, the concentration of property in far fewer hands than before; but with this difference, that the new owners were a group instead of a mass of individuals.
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expropriated,
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Ingsoc, which grew out of the earlier Socialist movement and inherited its phraseology, has in fact carried out the main item in the Socialist program, with the result, foreseen and intended beforehand, that economic inequality has been made permanent.
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There are only four ways in which a ruling group can fall from power. Either it is conquered from without, or it governs so inefficiently that the masses are stirred to revolt, or it allows a strong and discontented Middle Group to come into being, or it loses its own self- confidence and willingness to govern. These causes do not operate singly, and as a rule all four of them are present in some degree. A ruling class which could guard against all of them would remain in power permanently. Ultimately the determining factor is the mental attitude of the ruling class itself.
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pitch.
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reverence,
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stratified,
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ablest
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He did not see that the continuity of an oligarchy need not be physical, nor did he pause to reflect that hereditary aristocracies have always been shortlived, whereas adoptive organizations such as the Catholic Church have sometimes lasted for hundreds or thousands of years. The essence of oligarchical rule is not father- to- son inheritance, but the persistence of a certain world- view and a certain way of life, imposed by the dead upon the living.
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From the proletarians nothing is to be feared. Left to themselves, they will continue from generation to generation and from century to century, working, breeding, and dying, not only without any impulse to rebel, but without the power of grasping that the world could be other than it is.
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but, since military and commercial rivalry are no longer important, the level of popular education is actually declining. What opinions the masses hold, or do not hold, is looked on as a matter of indifference. They can be granted intellectual liberty because they have no intellect.
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In a Party member, on the other hand, not even the smallest deviation of opinion on the most unimportant subject can be tolerated.
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sounds similar to the far left.
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respites
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self- abasement
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Crimestop means the faculty of stopping short, as though by instinct, at the threshold of any dangerous thought. It includes the power of not grasping analogies, of failing to perceive logical errors, of misunderstanding the simplest arguments if they are inimical to Ingsoc, and of being bored or repelled by any train of thought which is capable of leading in a heretical direction.
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Sounds also like a conept of the far left.
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contortionist
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infallible,
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unwearying,
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impudently
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repression
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falsity
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ossified
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concessions
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dominion
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For the secret of rulership is to combine a belief in one’s own infallibility with the power to learn from past mistakes.
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this is gold
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In general, the greater the understanding, the greater the delusion: the more intelligent, the less sane.
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calamity
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intermittently
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abounds
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impudence
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reconciling
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paraphernalia
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coverlet
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systematized
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“Sanity is not statistical,”
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profound
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The driveling song seemed to have kept its popularity. You still heard it all over the place. It had outlived the “Hate Song.”
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indefatigable
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corking
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pegging
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marelike
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turnip,
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contourless
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supple
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darning,
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mending,
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interminable
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unconquerable
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loins
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iron- shod
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jowl
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nought eight- thirty
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stooped
Part Three
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astonishing
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copiously
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ruffianism
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poems of Kipling.
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pedant
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desultorily
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incredulous
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keen.
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sanctimonious
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sententiously.
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doleful
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abominably
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consigned
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shrivel
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timorously
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emaciation
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unappeasable
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stooped
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unvarying
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contortions.
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hypodermic
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forsook
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pour forth
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stupor.
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scrape his chin and crop his hair,
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ruffians
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rotund
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chiefly
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sorrowfully
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anew.
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seditious
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embezzlement
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deed.
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respite,
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gripped
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prevaricate
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grating.
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speculatively.
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wayward
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You would not make the act of submission which is the price of sanity. You preferred to be a lunatic, a minority of one. Only the disciplined mind can see reality, Winston. You believe that reality is something objective, external, existing in its own right. You also believe that the nature of reality is self- evident.
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overt
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exaltation,
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wantonness.
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unrepentant;
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despicable, cringing wretches,
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posterity
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vindicate
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abject
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totalitarians was ‘Thou shalt.’ Our command is ‘Thou art.’
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penitence.
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astray
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quailed.
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prostrated.
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bewilderment
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luminous
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ampoule
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pangs
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quick- witted
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chiefly
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That the choice for mankind lay between freedom and happiness, and that, for the great bulk of mankind, happiness was better. That the Party was the eternal guardian of the weak, a dedicated sect doing evil that good might come, sacrificing its own happiness to that of others.
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relinquishing
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Power is not a means; it is an end.
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i don't think so.
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convulsive
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bludgeon.
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Collective solipsism,
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digression,”
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It is the exact opposite of the stupid hedonistic Utopias that the old reformers imagined.
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despotism.
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penitent,
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A world of victory after victory, triumph after triumph after triumph: an endless pressing, pressing, pressing upon the nerve of power.
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Feebly,
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looped
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protruded,
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forlorn,
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jailbird’s
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ingrained
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emaciation
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dentures.
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persevered,
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torpid.
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stirring,
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reveries
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coherent.
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tauter.
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feat
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capitulated;
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frivolity,
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whitish
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Sanity was statistical.
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presupposed
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succumbing
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reverie.
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reconciled.
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pasture.
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inscrutability
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cyst.
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baize.
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muzzle
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blunt
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fierce
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didactically
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Brazzaville and Leopoldville
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retch
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inextricably
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sinecure,
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medley
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undermost—
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cauterized
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vile,
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bud
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obliquely
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sallower,
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astonished
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rigidity
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“I betrayed you,” she said baldly. “I betrayed you,” he said. She gave him another quick look of dislike. “Sometimes,” she said, “they threaten you with something— something you can’t stand up to, can’t even think about. And then you say, ‘Don’t do it to me, do it to somebody else, do it to so- and- so.’ And perhaps you might pretend, afterwards, that it was only a trick and that you just said it to make them stop and didn’t really mean it. But that isn’t true. At the time when it happens you do mean it. You think there’s no other way of saving yourself, and you’re quite ready to save yourself that way. You want it to happen to the other person. You don’t give a damn what they suffer. All you care about is yourself.”
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irresolutely
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abreast
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semblance
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stupor
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gummed- up
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fiery
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admonished
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dispersed
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abstruse,
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digressions,
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extinct
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cock- crow.
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counterpaned
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reconciliation,
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pelting,
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drenching
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grizzled,
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futile
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wainscoting
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sporadically
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sulkily
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tiddlywinks
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pricked
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utter rout—
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bestrode
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equivocation
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booty
The Principles of Newspeak
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Ingsoc, or English Socialism.
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archaic formations
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devotees
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purposive
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peculiarities.
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kindred
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preterite
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ipso facto
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euphony,
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mutilated
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Times leading article as Oldthinkers unbellyfeel Ingsoc. The shortest rendering that one could make of this in Oldspeak would be: “Those whose ideas were formed before the Revolution cannot have a full emotional understanding of the principles of English Socialism.”
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inextricably
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What was required in a Party member was an outlook similar to that of the ancient Hebrew who knew, without knowing much else, that all nations other than his own worshiped “false gods.” He did not need to know that these gods were called Baal, Osiris, Moloch, Ashtaroth, and the like; probably the less he knew about them the better for his orthodoxy.
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euphemisms.
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Such words, for instance, as joycamp (forced- labor camp) or Minipax (Ministry of Peace, i.e., Ministry of War)
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frank
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contemptuous
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contrived,
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invariably
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Even in the early decades of the twentieth century, telescoped words and phrases had been one of the characteristic features of political language; and it had been noticed that the tendency to use abbreviations of this kind was most marked in totalitarian countries and totalitarian organizations. Examples were such words as Nazi, Gestapo, Comintern, Inprecorr, Agitprop. In the beginning the practice had been adopted as it were instinctively, but in Newspeak it was used with a conscious purpose. It was perceived that in thus abbreviating a name one narrowed and subtly altered its meaning, by cutting out most of the associations that would otherwise cling to it. The words Communist International, for instance, call up a composite picture of universal human brotherhood, red flags, barricades, Karl Marx, and the Paris Commune. The word Comintern, on the other hand, suggests merely a tightly knit organization and a well- defined body of doctrine.
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obliged
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linger
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euphony
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exactitude
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gabbling style of speech,
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The intention was to make speech, and especially speech on any subject not ideologically neutral, as nearly as possible independent of consciousness. For the purposes of everyday life it was no doubt necessary, or sometimes necessary, to reflect before speaking, but a Party member called upon to make a political or ethical judgment should be able to spray forth the correct opinions as automatically as a machine gun spraying forth bullets.
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Sounds almost like some current language development in some areas of the US.
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larynx
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smattering
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well- nigh
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absurdity,
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inimical
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For example, All mans are equal was a possible Newspeak sentence, but only in the same sense in which All men are redhaired is a possible Oldspeak sentence. It did not contain a grammatical error, but it expressed a palpable untruth, i.e., that all men are of equal size, weight, or strength. The concept of political equality no longer existed, and this secondary meaning had accordingly been purged out of the word equal.
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unintelligible
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panegyric
Sample Chapter from Orwell on Truth
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sahiblog,
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cane chairs,
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bore
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The real work of administration is done mainly by native subordinates;
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dullness
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stultifying
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idler,
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pukka sahibs’ code.
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Kipling- haunted
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Pink’un
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louts
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au fond,
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ginpickled
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tamely
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seditious
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loathe
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Mandalay,
Read An Excerpt of Julia
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prim
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grim
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People said he excelled at his job but couldn’t advance because his parents had been unpersons. One supposed that made him bitter.
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purify
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scalded
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squirm
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Read An Excerpt of Julia
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idle.
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bewildering
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Essie
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jocularly
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vantage
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translucent
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plop
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perpetually
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crease.
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excruciatingly
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voracious
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dictum
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coaxed
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raptly
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chitchat
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rayon
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voluminous.
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blotchy
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meek,
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Margaret
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ponderously
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absorbed
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“honor our intellectual laborers,”
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revulsion.
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Julia thought: Nothing wrong with you a good shag wouldn’t fix! This almost made her laugh, for of course it was true. His real trouble wasn’t that his parents had been unpersons, or that he couldn’t keep up with Party doctrine, or even his nasty cough. Old Misery had a bad case of Sex Gone Sour. And naturally the woman was to blame. Who else?
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By all rights, he ought to smell like mildew, but he smelled like good male sweat.
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simpering
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sighing
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hectically
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grubby,
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Transport building,
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brutish
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blotted
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turbid
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slender
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tracery
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austere
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aglitter
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Kent—
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Semi- Autonomous Zone 5,
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tumbledown
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Shetland Semi- Autonomous Zone
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Argentine Economic Region.
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indignant
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snarling
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glaring
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rigidly
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scolding
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mockers.
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seethe
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loathsome
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conniving
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woolly
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bulbous
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querulousness.
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detested
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chaste
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warped,
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sniveled,
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puerile
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straining
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shamming.
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bellowed
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perspiring
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dopily
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quiescent,
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obsequiously